====== Grub ======

===== [[wp>List of live CDs]] =====

  * [[http://www.bootmed.com/|BootMed]]
  * [[http://www.sysresccd.org/|SystemRescueCD]]
  * [[http://ubuntu-rescue-remix.org/|Ubuntu Rescue Remix]]
  * [[http://trinityhome.org/|Trinity Rescue Kit]]
  * <del>[[http://www.backtrack-linux.org/|BackTrack Linux]]</del>
    * Superseded by [[http://docs.kali.org/category/introduction|Kali Linux]]
  * [[http://www.hiren.info/pages/bootcd|Hiren's BootCD]]
  * [[http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/index.html|Ultimate Boot CD]] -- many diagnostic tools on one bootable CD (BIOS, CPU, HDD, memory)
  * [[http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/index-en.html|KNOPPIX]]
  * [[http://support.kaspersky.com/4162|Kaspersky Rescue Disk 10]]
    * [[http://www.rmprepusb.com/tutorials/kasperkyrescue|Creating Kaspersky boot disk]]
  * [[superuser>78761|Where can I download Windows 7 (legally from Microsoft)?]]
  * [[http://memtest.org/download/|MemTest]]

  * [[http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/i386/iso-hybrid/|Debian Live CD]]
  * Debain NetInstall kernel: ''[[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz|initrd.gz]]'' + ''[[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/linux|linux]]''
  * [[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/mini.iso|Debain Stretch NetInstall ISO]] or ''[[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz|initrd.gz]]'' + ''[[http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/i386/linux|linux]]''


===== Creating live image and bootable USB =====

  * [[http://bootcd.narod.ru/|Bootable CD Wizard]] -- позволяет создавать мульти-загрузочные (Multiple-Image Bootable CD) компакт-диски для компьютеров, которые не поддерживают мульти-загрузку с компакт-дисков.
    * [[googlecode>p/mkisofs-md5|mkisofs-2.01 port to MinGW]] (with extra bonuses)
  * [[superuser>66948|How do I place a bootable ISO on a USB drive?]], [[superuser>349713|How to write precompiled image to USB flash drive?]]
    * [[http://rufus.akeo.ie/|Rufus]] (can also write ''dd'' images to USB flash)
    * [[http://www.intowindows.com/how-to-use-ultraiso-software-to-create-bootable-usb-flash-drive/|UltraISO]]
    * [[http://www.chrysocome.net/dd|dd]] (read/write images)
  * [[windows#how_to_create_a_bootable_windows_usb_flash|How to create a bootable Windows USB flash?]]
  * [[https://ventoy.net/|Ventoy]] -- an open source tool to create multi-boot USB drive for ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)/EFI files based on [[#Grub2]].

  * USB Boot Test: \\
    ''qemu -boot c -hda /dev/sdb -m 512''


==== Using Grub to create bootable USB ====

=== [[googlecode>p/grub4dos-chenall/downloads/list|grub4dos]] ===

  * [[http://xpt.sourceforge.net/techdocs/nix/disk/boot/boot07-GrubForDosInfo/|Grub For Dos v0.7 Manual]]
  * [[http://diddy.boot-land.net/grub4dos/files/map.htm#hd32|Booting from ISO Images]] ([[http://greenflash.su/Grub4Dos/files/map.htm#hd32|Загрузка из ISO образа]])
  * <del>[[http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos/|GRUB4DOS and WINGRUB]]</del> (//outdated//)
  * [[http://geektimes.ru/post/99159/|GRUB всемогущий, или Делаем загрузочную флешку]]
  * [[http://forum.ubuntu.ru/index.php?topic=110826.0#msg830881|grub menu.lst]]


=== [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html|Grub2]] ===

Mount your USB to e.g. ''/mnt/usb'' and install Grub on it using the command (use actual USB device e.g. ''/dev/sdd''):

''%%grub-install --force --no-floppy --boot-directory=/mnt/[mountpoint]/boot%% /dev/sd**X**''

  * [[http://bswm.ru/flash_installer_debian_linux|Установка Debian GNU/Linux с USB Flash]]
  * [[http://linuxoso.org/2011/12/multizagruzochnaya-usb-fleshka-s-grub-v-kachestve-zagruzchika.html|Мультизагрузочная USB-флешка с GRUB в качестве загрузчика]]
  * [[http://www.panticz.de/MultiBootUSB|MultiBoot USB with Grub2]]
  * [[http://smacker.fatal.ru/Cases/1319400445.shtml|Мультизагрузочная флешка]]
  * [[habrahabr>181844|Создание multiboot HDD в linux (GRUB2+memdisk+grub4dos)]]
  * [[http://milcat.ru/tag/grub/|Создаем загрузочную USB-флешку на GRUB1/2]]
    * [[http://milcat.ru/files/usbflash/Menulist.7z|Grub Menulist]]
    * [[http://pendrivelinux.com/downloads/multibootlinux/grub.cfg|grub.cfg]]
  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick|Put Ubuntu onto your USB flash drive]]

  * [[archlinux>GRUB2|GRUB2 Archlinux Wiki]]
  * [[http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GRUB2|GRUB2 Gentoo Wiki]]

  * [[askubuntua>237766/164142|How to boot from an .iso file in GRUB2?]] and [[superuser>154133|How can I boot into an ISO file in GRUB?]]
    <code>
menuentry "Bootable ISO Image: install-x86-minimal-20130820" {
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(hd0,msdos7)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root <individual uuid replaced>
   linux16 /boot/memdisk iso
   initrd16 /boot/images/install-x86-minimal-20130820.iso
}
</code>
  * [[http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/MEMDISK|MemDisk]] ([[http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/|download]])

More configs:
  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples|Grub2 ISOBoot Examples]]
  * ''[[github>Thermionix/multipass-usb/tree/master/resources/iso_sources|grub.cfg]]''
  * ''[[http://www.free.blackpatchpanel.com/pme/linux/grub.cfg|grub.cfg]]''
  * ''[[github>thias/glim/blob/master/grub2/|grub2]]''
  * [[askubuntu>141940/how-to-boot-live-iso-images|How to boot live iso images?]]


=== [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Burg|Burg]] ===

**B**rand-new **U**niversal loade**R** from **G**RUB. It's based on GRUB, and add features like new object format and configurable menu system.

  * [[http://reboot.pro/topic/12474-burg-grub2-based-bootloader-with-some-grub4dos-features-like-mapping-support/|Grub2 based bootloader with some grub4dos features like mapping support]]


===== Questions answered =====

=== [[http://www.mepis.org/docs/en/index.php?title=GRUB_from_command_line|How to display all drives and partitions in Grub command line?]] ===

<note tip>
Type ''root (hd'' in command-line and then press TAB.
</note>


=== Can Grub load kernel from large drives? ===

<note question>
Attempt to load Linux explodes with "syntax error"s and "invalid command"s on boot, and manually trying to boot the kernel from the GRUB rescue shell resulted in "error: invalid magic number".
</note>
<note tip>
From [[http://www.codeyellow.nl/debian-kernel-update-backup.html|this article]]:
<blockquote>
Grub uses legacy addressing scheme known as CHS (cylinder-head-sector). Assuming the number of cylinders is a 16-bit integer (a fairly common limitation), heads is 16 and sector count is 63, we get a limit of 2^16 × 16 × 63 = 66.060.288 addressable sectors, or exactly 31.5GiB.
</blockquote>
That means that ''/boot/'' partition should be located in first 32GB.
</note>


=== How to enable framebuffer on Grub? ===

<note tip>
From [[archlinux>GRUB#Setting_the_framebuffer_resolution|Setting the framebuffer resolution on GRUB]]:

Add/uncomment the following lines:

<code|/etc/default/grub>
GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x32
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep
</code>

and re-generate grub config:

<code console>
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</code>
</note>


=== [[askubuntu>145241|How to reinstall Grub on given partition?]] ===

<note tip>
Provided that root partition ''/dev/sdb1'' is mounted to ''/mnt'' run the followingto install Grub to MBR of ''/dev/sdb'' drive:

<code console>
# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb
</code>

:OPT: For more correct installation on Debian that includes also updating ''/boot/grub/grub.cfg'' one need to mount necessary partitions and run ''update-grub'':

<code console>
# mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
# mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
# chroot /mnt
# update-grub
</code>
</note>

{{tag>ISO}}