====== Home (Tolia) PC ======

  * Motherboard: [[http://www.gigabyte.com/products/product-page.aspx?pid=2607#sp|Gigabyte GA-M56S-S3]]
  * See ''keepass --uuid:7236ACACB4F4F94B966DAECD8D09C442''


====== Barcode scanner ======

  * [[http://www.ebay.com/bhp/usb-barcode-scanner|Search eBay for "USB barcode scanner"]]
  * [[http://www.taltech.com/barcodesoftware/articles/which_barcode_scanner_interface|Which Barcode Scanner Interface is right for me?]] describes the "Keyboard Wedge" and RS232 types of scanners.
  * [[sourceforge>zbar]] -- open source software suite for reading bar codes from various sources, such as video streams, image files and raw intensity sensors.
    * [[sourceforge>zbarw]] -- Windows port
  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BarcodeReaders|Barcode Readers in Linux]]


====== USB ======

  * [[wp>USB#Pinouts|Micro USB pinouts]]
  * [[http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=micro+usb+b+socket&_sop=15|Micro USB Type B Female Socket]]
  * [[livejournal>ammo1/571055|Не все кабели одинаково полезны]]
  * [[livejournal>ammo1/555211|Продвинутый USB-тестер]]
  * [[livejournal>ammo1/587849|Царь-тестер]]
  * [[youtube>mdwqZAkYWzQ|What is USB-C?]]
  * [[:software:windows#how_to_share_internet_connection_via_usb|How to share internet connection via USB?]]


===== Flash =====

  * [[habrahabr>98339|Восстанавливаем флешки]]
  * [[torrents>2489912|Реанимация flash накопителей]]
  * [[http://usbflashspeed.com/|UsbFlashSpeed]]

  * [[wp>Serial_ATA#Comparison_with_other_buses|SATA/eSATA/USB/FireWire/SCSI transfer rate comparison table]]
  * [[wp>Secure Digital#Speed_class_rating|SD speed class ratings]]

{{https://www.techspot.com/articles-info/1591/images/2024-02-21-image-j.webp?1200}}
{{https://cc.cnetcontent.com/vcs/sandisk/inline-content/SDSDXN128GG46/AEA19CB779F70D4950A52642449DA31558B9B555_SDUPSELLCHARTENV21_i_bannertn.jpg?1200}}
{{https://www.dpreview.com/files/p/articles/9257063241/samsung-pro-plus-evo-plus-specs-chart.jpeg?800}}


====== Hard drive ======

Check [[software:linux#devices_and_filesystems|Devices and filesystems]] for software/hardware problems and solutions.

  * [[wp>USB_Attached_SCSI|USB Attached SCSI Protocol (UASP)]]
  * [[https://www.techporn.ph/understanding-the-differences-between-wd-hdd-colors/|Understanding The Differences Between WD HDD Colors]]
  * [[https://support.wdc.com/knowledgebase/answer.aspx?ID=15150|WD External Drive Hardware Encryption Compatibility Matrix]]


=== HDD recover ===

  * http://hdd.by (Сергей Казанцев, MTS +375 33 374-93-93)
  * http://www.migel.by/


=== Choosing best HDD for value ===

  * [[https://www.amazon.com/Best-Sellers-Electronics-Internal-Hard-Drives/zgbs/electronics/1254762011|Amazon best sellers in Internal Hard Drives]]
  * [[https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/most-reliable-hard-drives/|5 Most Reliable Hard Drives According to Server Companies]]
  * [[https://www.lifewire.com/best-sata-hard-drives-833475|The 7 Best SATA Hard Drives to Buy in 2018]]
  * [[http://www.expertreviews.co.uk/internal-hard-drives/1406336/best-internal-hard-drives-the-best-high-capacity-hdds-to-buy-from|Best internal hard drives 2017: The best high-capacity HDDs to buy from £100]]
  * [[https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-drive-stats-for-2021/|Backblaze Hard Drive Stats for 2021]] ([[https://www.backblaze.com/blog/hard-drive-cost-per-gigabyte/|Hard Drive Cost Per Gigabyte]])
  * [[https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-drive-stats-for-2023/|Backblaze Hard Drive Stats for 2023]]

Models in 2017:

^ Name / model															^ Price		^ Capacity (TB)	^ Spindle rotation (RPM)	^ Reading / writing speed (MB/s)	^ Internal speed (MB/s)	^ Internal cache (MB)	^ Power consumption read/write/idle (W)		^ Price per GB	^ Warranty (years)	^
| [[tweakers>771511/seagate-barracuda-compute-3-komma-5-inch-4tb|Seagate Barracuda Compute / ST4000DM004]]			| €103		| 4		| 5400				| 190/190				| ?			| 256			| 3.7/3.7/2.5					| €0.025	| 2			|
| [[tweakers>459622/wd-blue-wd40ezrz-4tb|WD Blue / WD40EZRZ]]									| €105		| 4		| 5400				| 150/150				| ?			| 64			| 5.3/5.3/3.4					| €0.025	| 2			|
| [[tweakers>718665/hgst-deskstar-nas-(2017)-4tb|HGST Internal Drive Kit NAS WW / HDN726040ALE614, H3IKNAS400012872SWW]]	| €122		| 4		| 7200				| 205/192				| 600			| 128			| 7.3/7.3/6.9					| €0.031	| 3			|
| [[tweakers>347909/wd-red-wd40efrx-4tb|WD Red / WD40EFRX]]									| €128		| 4		| 5400				| 150/150				| ?			| 64			| 4.5/4.5/3.3					| €0.031	| 3			|


===== [[wp>SATA]] =====

{{ http://occlub.ru/images/posts/reviews/other/eSATAp/01.jpg?400|eSATApd pinout}}

  * SATA interface does not have any wires to transmit power, hence eSATA-to-SATA cable does supply power. eSATAp is eSATA+USB combined cable and supplies +5V provided by USB. [[wp>ESATAp#.2B12_V_issue|eSATApd ("power dual")]] additionally provides +12V power by means of side power pads.
  * [[wp>Port multiplier]] -- multiple SATA devices to be connected to a single SATA host port, however [[https://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=1300645|community reports]] that it is challenging to set it up reliably.


=== SATA-to-IDE adapter ===

[[http://www.ebay.com/sch/items/?_nkw=Slim+Mini+Cd+Dvd+Cdrw+Rom+Drive+To+Pata+Ide+Ata+40pin+Hdd+Pcb+Adapter+Pc%2Fserver|{{http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/6H0AAOxy~g5RofIm/s-l500.jpg?400|Slim IDE 40 pin IDC CD/DVD Drive -to- PC 40 pin IDE adapter – $4.79}}]]
[[http://www.aliexpress.com/wholesale?SearchText=ide+sata+bidirectional|{{http://i01.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/362/068/058/1058068362_532.jpg?300|Bidirectional IDE SATA adapter – $7.90}}]]


===== SSD =====

  * [[youtube>bz2k2ydUOc8|Hard drive in place of DVD drive of Sony Vaio Z]]
  * [[habrahabr>133915|Восстанавливаем запоротый SSD]]
  * [[habrahabr>133924|Статистика надёжности SSD носителей]]
  * [[habrahabr>165455|Оптимизация Windows для использования SSD диска: мифы и реальность]]
  * [[habrahabr>228321|Компания Samsung представила производительные SSD высокой ёмкости с вертикальной структурой ячеек памяти]]
  * [[habrahabr>242199|Почему по мере заполнения SSD падает скорость записи в RAID, или зачем нужен TRIM]]
  * [[habrahabr>263893|Твердотельные накопители от Samsung оправданы. Проблема оказалась в ядре Linux]]
  * [[habrahabr>272899|Проблемы выбора: Гибридные массивы хранения данных или массивы флеш-памяти]]
  * [[habrahabr>276001|Почему жёсткие диски останутся с нами надолго]]
  * [[habrahabr>305724|Особенности выбора твердотельных накопителей (SSD) для серверов и RAID-массивов]]


==== mSATA ====

[[tweakers>1168687/kingston-uv500-msata-480gb|{{https://tweakers.net/i/_Q-mk2ygZqLYT7_W4xW2WKxBp9c=/fit-in/1280x/filters:strip_icc()/i/2001942799.jpeg?250|Kingston UV500 mSATA 480GB}}]]
[[https://www.amazon.de/Samsung-MZ-M6E1T0BW-860-EVO-Interne/dp/B078WQKL4X/|{{https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/617c39h9x-L._SL1400_.jpg?300|Samsung 860 EVO mSATA 500GB}}]]


^ Item										^ Price												^ Volume (GB)	^ Read speed (GB/s)	^ Write speed	^ Technology		^ Power consumption (W, max)	^ Price per GB	^
| [[tweakers>1168687/kingston-uv500-msata-480gb|Kingston UV500 mSATA 480GB]]	| [[https://azerty.nl/product/kingston/3506723/uv500-ssd-solid-state-drive-480-gb|€73.04]]	| 480		| 520			| 500		| 3D V-NAND (TLC) 	| 2.32				| €0.148	|
| [[tweakers>1133967/samsung-860-evo-msata-500gb|Samsung 860 EVO mSATA 500GB]]	| [[https://www.amazon.de/Samsung-MZ-M6E1T0BW-860-EVO-Interne/dp/B078WQKL4X/|€83.48]]		| 500		| 550			| 520		| 3D V-NAND (TLC) 	| 2.5				| €0.167	|


===== [[wp>M.2]] socket =====

{{https://www.dell.com/community/image/serverpage/image-id/28520i473D4520B240CC87?.jpg?800|M.2 SATA vs NVMe}}

{{https://conectica.ro/fisiere/articole/diverse/m.2/m.2slotkey.jpg|Different types of M.2 SSD sockets}}
<!--
{{http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server5700/0da1f/product_images/uploaded_images/screen-shot-2014-04-19-at-09.46.43.png|Different types of M.2 SSD sockets}}
-->
{{http://media.bestofmicro.com/P/6/398778/original/A110-1-of-1-2.jpg?300|80mm, 60mm and 42mm SSD sizes}}
[[aliexpress>32804940942|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1ZwBDQFXXXXcFXVXXq6xXFXXXV/230519690/HTB1ZwBDQFXXXXcFXVXXq6xXFXXXV.jpg?200|Mini PCI-e -to- M.2 NGFF 30mm/42mm adapter card for M.2 SSD – $2.05 (€1.94)}}]]

  * [[youtube>gVUdeBDi0lk|M.2 NVMe на старых материнских платах]] -- рассказывает про развитие PCI-e, на котором основан M.2, и про феномен SATA


===== High-reliability solutions =====

  * [[habrahabr>269289|Как можно сделать отказоустойчивую систему хранения данных из отечественных серверов]]
  * For software solutions, check [[:software:linux#md-raid|md-RAID]] and [[:software:linux#btrfs|btrfs]].


==== NAS ====

  * [[http://geektimes.ru/post/231593/|Seagate Business Storage NAS 1-bay — хранение файлов и multimedia]]
  * [[https://support.wdc.com/knowledgebase/answer.aspx?ID=11425|Differences Between WD My Cloud Products]]


=== [[wp>Error recovery control]] ===

<note tip>
[[https://geektimes.ru/post/92701/|SCT ERC (SMART Command Transport Error Recovery Control)]] should be enabled in RAID configurations (Western Digital have 7 seconds setting):

''smartctl -l scterc,70,70 /dev/sdX''

See also:
  * [[https://www.mail-archive.com/linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org/msg55254.html|RAID1 replace: SCT ERC setting]]
</note>


==== [[http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/smart-response-technology.html|Intel Smart Response Technology]] ====

  * Chipsets:  Z68, HM67, QM67, H77, Q77, Z77, HM77, QS77, UM77, H87, Q87, Z87, HM87, QM87, H97, Z97
  * [[youtube>U83ED4FOWiw|Intel Smart Response Technology (SRT) SSD caching featuring Gigabyte motherboard]]


==== Drives ====

=== Toshiba MK2552GSX 250GB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sda>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xabeb59fb

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1            2048  10000000   9997953  4.8G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2       104859648 209717247 104857600   50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3       209717248 314574847 104857600   50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda4       314574848 488397167 173822320 82.9G 83 Linux
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sda>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads: 166 MB in  3.01 seconds =  55.21 MB/sec</code>
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -a /dev/sda>
<code console>
smartctl 6.4 2014-09-29 r3990 [i686-linux-3.14-1-686-pae] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 2.5" HDD MK..52GSX
Device Model:     TOSHIBA MK2552GSX
Serial Number:    8827P3VUT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 132480cbc
Firmware Version: LV010A
User Capacity:    250,059,350,016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Tue Mar 10 21:13:17 2015 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (  120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 118) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x0039) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Always       -       1565
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3742
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   070   070   000    Old_age   Always       -       12252
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   174   100   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3486
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       62
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   059   059   000    Old_age   Always       -       410090
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       54 (Min/Max 12/72)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
220 Disk_Shift              0x0002   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       116
222 Loaded_Hours            0x0032   073   073   000    Old_age   Always       -       10803
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
224 Load_Friction           0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
226 Load-in_Time            0x0026   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       324
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0001   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     12235         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>
</folded>


=== Toshiba MK5065GSX 500GB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sda>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x02b7707d

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1            2048   9766911   9764864   4.7G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2         9766912 114624512 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3       114626560 219484160 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda4       219486208 976773167 757286960 361.1G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       219488256 324345856 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda6       324349952 429207552 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda7       429211648 534069248 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda8       534073344 638930944 104857601    50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda9       638935040 976773167 337838128 161.1G 83 Linux
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sda>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads: 236 MB in  3.02 seconds =  78.21 MB/sec</code>
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -a /dev/sda>
<code console>
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [i686-linux-4.7.0-1-686-pae] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 2.5" HDD MK..65GSX
Device Model:     TOSHIBA MK5065GSX
Serial Number:    20J5F2MZS
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 25698613c
Firmware Version: GJ002H
User Capacity:    500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Nov 25 14:50:48 2016 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00)	Offline data collection activity
					was never started.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever 
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection: 		(  120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					No Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 157) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x003d)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
					SCT Feature Control supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Always       -       1977
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4169
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   077   077   000    Old_age   Always       -       9253
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   183   100   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4151
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       104
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       70
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       20619
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       62 (Min/Max 14/64)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
220 Disk_Shift              0x0002   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       37
222 Loaded_Hours            0x0032   078   078   000    Old_age   Always       -       8807
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
224 Load_Friction           0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
226 Load-in_Time            0x0026   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       330
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0001   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>
</folded>


=== Toshiba MK1234GSX 120GB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sdb>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x328cc147

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              63       16064        8001   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb2   *       16065     9783584     4883760   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3         9783585   107442719    48829567+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4       107442720   234436544    63496912+  83  Linux
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sdb>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads: 100 MB in  3.03 seconds =  33.00 MB/sec</code>
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -d sat -a /dev/sdb>
<code console>
smartctl 6.4 2014-09-29 r3990 [i686-linux-3.14-1-686-pae] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 2.5" HDD (80 GB and above)
Device Model:     TOSHIBA MK1234GSX
Serial Number:    37C7A0FFA
Firmware Version: AH001A
User Capacity:    120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA/ATAPI-7 (minor revision not indicated)
Local Time is:    Mon Apr 13 01:18:05 2015 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 112) The previous self-test completed having
                                        the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (  435) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  86) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   097   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Always       -       1911
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       257
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       225
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       53752
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   105   100   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       254
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       74
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       4567709
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       36 (Min/Max 15/79)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       225
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       18
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
220 Disk_Shift              0x0002   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4149
222 Loaded_Hours            0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       43244
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
224 Load_Friction           0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
226 Load-in_Time            0x0026   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       317
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0001   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 13777 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
</code>
</folded>

{{ dropboxdl>zp4uu95i3clbaxm/WD%20My%20Book%20Mirror%20Edition.jpg}}


=== Western Digital WDC WD10EAVS-00D7B0, 2TB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sdc>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000397795328 bytes
46 heads, 44 sectors/track, 1930349 cylinders, total 3907026944 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x323ba1f4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048  3907026943  1953512448   83  Linux
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sdc>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads:  98 MB in  3.00 seconds =  32.65 MB/sec</code>
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -d sat -a /dev/sdc>
<code console>
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Green
Device Model:     WDC WD10EAVS-00D7B0
Serial Number:    WD-WCAU42249907
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 201f3ff99
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.5, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Tue Mar 10 21:29:32 2015 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                                        was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (21000) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 241) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x303f) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   165   154   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       6725
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       8768
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   034   034   000    Old_age   Always       -       48710
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       100
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       8
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   198   198   000    Old_age   Always       -       8768
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   104   085   000    Old_age   Always       -       46
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   051    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     14379         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     14044         -
# 3  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     13868         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>
</folded>


=== Seagate WD10EAVS-00D7B0:0, 4TB ===

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sde>
/dev/disk/by-id/usb-ST4000DM_004-2CV104_152D00539000-0:0:
 Timing buffered disk reads:   2 MB in  3.37 seconds = 607.95 kB/sec
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -d sat -a /dev/sde>
<code console>
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [i686-linux-4.14.0-1-686-pae] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ST4000DM004-2CV104
Serial Number:    ZFN0BZAN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0a4389187
Firmware Version: 0001
User Capacity:    4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5425 rpm
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Jul 23 15:53:15 2018 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)	Offline data collection activity
					was completed without error.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever 
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection: 		(    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time: 	 (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 484) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x30a5)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   082   065   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       148524176
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   096   096   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       19
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   073   060   045    Pre-fail  Always       -       19711372
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       4219 (121 138 0)
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       17
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   062   058   040    Old_age   Always       -       38 (Min/Max 28/41)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       9
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1253
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   038   042   000    Old_age   Always       -       38 (0 22 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   082   065   000    Old_age   Always       -       148524176
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2217 (121 81 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1972621968
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1977601457

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      2991         -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      2797         -
# 3  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      1676         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>
</folded>


=== Seagate WD10EAVS-00D7B0:1, 4TB ===

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sdf>
/dev/disk/by-id/usb-ST4000DM_004-2CV104_152D00539000-0:1:
 Timing buffered disk reads:   2 MB in  3.37 seconds = 606.90 kB/sec
</folded>

<folded|smartctl -d sat -a /dev/sdf>
<code console>
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [i686-linux-4.14.0-1-686-pae] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ST4000DM004-2CV104
Serial Number:    ZFN0A1N1
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0a4158185
Firmware Version: 0001
User Capacity:    4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5425 rpm
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Jul 23 15:54:54 2018 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)	Offline data collection activity
					was completed without error.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever 
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection: 		(    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time: 	 (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 489) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x30a5)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   083   064   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       213270752
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   096   096   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       17
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   073   060   045    Pre-fail  Always       -       20862651
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       4217 (208 134 0)
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       17
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   061   056   040    Old_age   Always       -       39 (Min/Max 26/44)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       16
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1220
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   039   044   000    Old_age   Always       -       39 (0 22 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   083   064   000    Old_age   Always       -       213270752
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2203 (133 5 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1972672032
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2451154480

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      2991         -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      2798         -
# 3  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      1676         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>
</folded>


=== SanDisk Ultra Fit flash, USB2, 64GB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sdc>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sde: 57.9 GiB, 62176362496 bytes, 121438208 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2f784f2b

Device     Boot    Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sde1  *        2048  10487807  10485760    5G 83 Linux
/dev/sde2       10487808 121438207 110950400 52.9G 83 Linux
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sdc>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads: 102 MB in  3.03 seconds =  33.63 MB/sec</code>
</folded>


=== SanDisk Ultra Fit flash, USB2, 64GB ===

<folded|fdisk -l /dev/sdd>
<code console>
Disk /dev/sdd: 57.9 GiB, 62109253632 bytes, 121307136 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
</code>
</folded>

<folded|hdparm -t /dev/sdd>
<code console>Timing buffered disk reads:  96 MB in  3.04 seconds =  31.55 MB/sec</code>
</folded>


====== Power ======

  * [[livejournal>ammo1/631987|Что фильтрует сетевой фильтр]]
  * [[habrahabr>254339|Самовосстанавливающиеся предохранители. Мифы и реальность]]
  * [[youtube>qthuFLNSrlg|Three phase electricity basics and calculations]], [[youtube>W0_1xRqT8uU|Single phase electricity explained]]


===== Power supply =====

  * [[https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/815/most-compact-method-of-powering-arduino-from-wall-socket|Most compact method of powering Arduino from wall socket]]
  * [[https://www.prodctodc.com/10w-switching-power-supply-ac-85264v-dc-110370v-to-dc-5v-2a-buck-converterregulatordriver-dc-5v-2a-adapter-p-947.html|Power supply AC 85~264V to DC 5V 2A (10W)]]
  * [[https://www.reddit.com/r/AskElectronics/comments/4ia6qk/smallest_possible_230v_mains_ac_to_5v_dc/|Smallest possible 220V AC to 5V DC?]]
  * [[youtube>J66_8P043ko|ESP8266 3.3→5V voltage regulator based on HT7333]]
  * [[youtube>u0zNo1kPSfI|UPS 12 вольт и грамотная защита аккумуляторов от злой платы BMS (Battery Management System)]]
  * [[youtube>_kI8ySvNPdQ&t=1038|Using NCP785A as AC-DC linear voltage regulator (450V input / 15μA quiescent current, 15V / 10mA output)]]
  * [[youtube>ncKGV-H5QBA|Обзор повышающих, понижающих DC-DC преобразователей, BMS]]
  * [[youtube>GP2raUwUh2w|Как зарядить любой шуруповерт?]]
  * [[youtube>vhz2NW3qp8Q&t=559|Можно ли умереть от USB зарядника в ванной?]]

Linear voltage regulator:

  * [[http://blog.snapeda.com/2019/03/03/the-top-10-linear-voltage-regulator/|The top 10 linear voltage regulators]]
    * The dropout voltage is the differential voltage between the input and the output for which the regulator output no longer maintains regulation against further reductions in input voltage. LDO is low dropout voltage regulator.
    * Quiescent current (I<sub>q</sub>), also called ground current, is the current used to operate the LDO, and is not delivered to the load.

  * [[http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/20005685a.pdf|MIC29302]]: V<sub>in</sub> 26V, V<sub>drop</sub> 80-600mV  (depends on I<sub>out</sub>), I<sub>q</sub> 10-37mA, I<sub>out</sub> 3A.
    * [[https://easyeda.com/editor#id=b4045cdfac524106945cbca07be7a2dc|MIC29302WU typical wiring]]
    * [[https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/high-voltage-low-dropout-voltage-regulator-circuit-using-mic29302|Wiring to adjust output voltage]]
    * To get the volage 3.1V use R1=300

  * [[https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/207910/RICHTEK/RT9013-33GB.html|RT9013-33]]: V<sub>in</sub> 2.2-5.5V, V<sub>drop</sub> 160-400mV (depends on V<sub>in</sub>), I<sub>q</sub> 25µA, I<sub>out</sub> 0.5A.

  * [[http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/22056b.pdf|MCP1825S]]: V<sub>in</sub> 2.1-6V, V<sub>drop</sub> 210-350mV, I<sub>q</sub> 120-220µA, I<sub>out</sub> 0.5A.
----
  * [[youtube>8VpA_AzX0og|Зарядка и защита литиевых аккумуляторов 2я часть про TP4056 + DW01 AT]], [[youtube>Eaczi2XC6UY|Зарядное устройство для Li-ion аккумуляторов на TP4056]], [[youtube>EEEp7YF3U9I|TP4056 + MT3608 = J5019]], [[youtube>042WlGISmyQ|Impulse charger for LiFePO4 and Li-Ion batteries TP5000 (TP4056 competitor)]], [[youtube>f2yMs-JAyQM|TP4056 myth busting]]
  * [[youtube>Dd5x3WbEhwE|Идеальный модуль для повербанка MH-CD42 5В 2А с кнопкой и светодиодами уровня заряда]]
  * [[youtube>35SeOQUJpLM|Power Bank 80-го уровня на базе BQ25606 своими руками]] -- с контролем заряда/разряда, медленным зарядом при глубоком разряде, с защитой от перегрева, и DC-DC повышающим преобразователем 5V 1A.

[[aliexpress>32467578996|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/H2c0b256c35d649b08758d6e51007b596f/TP4056-Protection-Dual-Functions-5V-1A-Micro-USB-18650-Lithium-Battery-Charging-Board-Charger-Module.jpg_640x640.jpg?300|TP4056 + protection 5V 1A micro USB Li-ion battery charging board – €1.39 ($1.66)}}]]
[[aliexpress>32957357521|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HLB1hiMsX2jsK1Rjy1Xaq6zispXaG/3-7V-9V-5V-2A-Adjustable-Step-Up-18650-Lithium-Battery-Charging-Discharge-Integrated-Module.jpg_Q90.jpg?300|TP4056 + MT3608 – €1.33 ($1.57)}}]]
[[aliexpress>32716899385|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1m9MzRXXXXXaMaXXXq6xXFXXXq.jpg?300|TP5000 – €0.60+€0.88 ($0.71+$1.05)}}]]
[[aliexpress>1005001665605088|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Hb4007464eb614b4baa8a80c8f40d3c902.jpg?300|TP5100 – €0.40+€0.93 ($0.48+$1.11)}}]]

Synchronous converter:

  * [[youtube>y2YlCr8ZseQ|Преобразователь Mini560]] -- V<sub>in</sub> 5-20V, V<sub>out</sub> 3.3V/5.2/9/12V, I<sub>out</sub> 5A (6-8A needs cooling), V<sub>pulse</sub> I<sub>out</sub> ≤ 3A -- 50mV / ≥ 3A 100mV, efficiency 94..96%, [[aliexpress>1005001534795169|€1.53]]
  * [[youtube>tMeYUEkUya8|Очень эффективные микро преобразователи на MP2225]] -- V<sub>in</sub> 4.5-16V, V<sub>out</sub> 3.3V/5.2V, I<sub>out</sub> 4A (5A needs cooling), V<sub>pulse</sub> 15mV, efficiency 89..98%.
  * [[youtube>DhLlAg8FfU8|Тест XL4005 почти лабораторный блок питания]] -- V<sub>in</sub> 5-32V, V<sub>out</sub> 0.8-30V, :WARN: with V<sub>out</sub> ≤ 1.5V current limit does not work, I<sub>out</sub> 2A (4-5A needs cooling), V<sub>pulse</sub> 50mV, efficiency 90..93%.
  * [[youtube>wC4bUR78jHU|DPS5015 DC-DC – мощный преобразователь на 15А и 50В (€36)]] -- V<sub>in</sub> 6-60V, V<sub>out</sub> 0-50V, I<sub>out</sub> 0..15A, 750W max, V<sub>pulse</sub> ≤ 100mV
  * [[https://www.patreon.com/posts/57544108|Synchronous buck converter]]

<blockquote|Из Telegram канала @SprutAI_DIY (Александр Вайдуров)>
WeMos D1 имеет на борту LDO стабилизатор с собственным током потребления 5-10 мкА и минимальным падением вход/выход 250-300 мВ. Девайсы сделанные на основе этой платки, идеально будут работать с батарейным питанием и в спящем режиме. Но эту платку нельзя питать напряжением более 6В, в отличие от NodeMCU на Vin, которой можно подавать и более (но больше 7-8В тоже не рекомендую, иначе вся лишняя мощность (U-3.3)*0.1 будет выделяться на AMS1117 стабилизаторе в виде тепла). LM1117 и AMS1117 функциональные аналоги, и их параметры принципиально ничем не отличаются.
</blockquote>

  * [[youtube>ZeqjPXw6XiU|Как работает импульсный блок питания]]
  * [[youtube>CldRIPpt9oE|Ремонт импульсного БП]]
  * [[youtube>w3hi0eM6sXo|Отличные блоки питания 5V 2AП]]


===== Power consumption =====

====== USB ======

[[aliexpress>32953742965|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1O0kAXhrvK1RjSszexh5ObFXaf.jpeg?300|USB 3.0 AT34 tester with color LCD – $6.65}}]]

<folded|Specifications>
  * [[http://gotronik.pl/images/img/at34_manual.pdf|AT34 manual]] ([[https://www.mediafire.com/file/pxv4k3lb4y2ac61/AT34+USB+3.0+tester+meter+instruction++7.4.pdf|AT34 USB 3.0 tester meter instruction 7.4.pdf]], [[https://m.mediafire.com/folder/77ueo252py4vc/AT34|AT34 USB 3.0 tester meter instruction 7.4.pdf]])
  * [[http://www.fotolog.cl/rd-at34-usb-tester-voltmeter-ammeter-multimeter-with-lcd-display/|RD AT34 USB Tester Voltmeter Ammeter Multimeter with LCD Display]]
  * [[youtube>Alta7jcpgBI|Ruideng AT34 USB tester review, unboxing & usage]], [[youtube>aCgdDejPNrI|Тестер RD AT34 USB 3.0 (честный обзор)]]
  * Display screen: 0.96" color LCD display
  * Voltage measurement range: 3.70-30.00V
  * Voltage measurement resolution: 0.01V
  * Current measurement range:0-4A
  * Current measurement resolution:0.001A
  * Capacity accumulation rannge: 0-99999mAh
  * Voltage measurement accuracy: ±0.8％ under 25°C
  * Current measurement accuracy: ±1％ under 25°C
  * Energy measuring range: 0-999.99W
  * Load impedance range: 1Ω-9999.9Ω
  * Power measurement range: 0-120W
  * Temperature range: 0-80°C
  * Temperature measurement error: ±3°C
  * Working temperature range: 0-45°C
  * Product size: 64x22x12 mm
  * Refresh rate: 2Hz
  * Weight: 14g
</folded>

[[aliexpress>1005004717136482|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S0c511939f0474095bf6ec71f7c5af2eaa.jpg?300|FNIRSI FNB58 USB Tester – $49.59 (€46.20)}}]]

<folded|Specifications>

  * 2.4″ LCD high-definition display, the measurement data is clearly visible. 
  * Fast charge recognition mode: PD2.0, PD3.0, PPS, QC2.0, QC3.0, QC4, FCP, AFC, PE, MTK-PE, DASH VOOC, SuperVOOC.
  * Support low-speed waveform (voltage, current, D+, D-) drawing, 2sps...100sps sampling rate.
  * Support high-speed ripple (voltage, AC coupling) drawing, up to 4Mspssampling rate.
  * Save 10 sets of data, support up to 9 hours offline voltage and current curve recording.
  * Calculate battery capacity.
  * PD E-marker and Dash cable detection.
  * Cable internal resistance measurement by the differential pressure method.
  * Support QC2.O->PD2.0 protocol conversion

  * Item size: 82x42x12 mm
  * Item weight (with BT): 44.3g
  * Package size: 115x85x20 mm
  * Package weight (with BT): 91.7g

Monitor voltage:

  * Ranges: 4～28V
  * Resolution: 0.00001V
  * Accuracy: ±(0.2‰+2)

Monitor current:

  * Ranges: 0~7A
  * Resolution: 0.00001A
  * Accuracy: ±(0.5‰+2)

Monitor power:

  * Ranges: 0~120W
  * Resolution: 0.00001W
  * Accuracy: ±(0.5‰+2)

Load equivalent internal resistance:

  * Ranges: 0～9999.9Ω
  * Resolution: 0.0001Ω
  * Accuracy: ±(0.5‰+2)

D+/D- voltage:

  * Ranges: 0~3.3V
  * Resolution: 0.001V
  * Accuracy: ±(1.0%+2)

Capacity:

  * Ranges: 0～9999.99Ah
  * Resolution: 0.00001Ah

Energy used:

  * Ranges: 0～9999.99Wh
  * Resolution: 0.00001Wh

Cable resistance:

  * Ranges: 0～9999.9Ω
  * Resolution: 0.0001Ω
</folded>

  * [[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1pZpihFrJUjU4yLVAIxwlofwE2l2trW39|Firmware, software, manual downloads]] ([[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hOv76usYlKQwLIst0oDn_zbYuPlt8iEE|another copy]])
  * [[https://fnirsi.aliexpress.com/store/2939001|Official Store]], [[http://www.fnirsi.cn/support|Support]]
  * [[https://usbchargingblog.wordpress.com/2021/01/20/fnirsi-fnb48-usb-meter-tester-upm-review/|FNIRSI FNB48 USB meter tester UPM review]]
  * [[youtube>l5w1FNMf-KQ|Мегаогляд: USB тестер FNB58 від FNIRSI]]
  * [[youtube>m9xkzSvYzeE|Fnirsi FNB58 USB Тестер]]
  * [[youtube>-XjO7ZJY6Ak|Тестит быстрые зарядки, кабели, ёмкость аккумуляторов]]
  * [[youtube>T9KnN1OilIA|Обзор USB тестера FNIRSI FNB58]]
  * [[youtube>Oe2GyRHo-Q8|Устройство последнего поколения, которое все хотят. USB Fnirsi FNB58]]
  


====== Voltmeter ======

  * [[youtube>X9qaBVIR5y0|Высокоточный вольтамперметр на INA219 и Arduino ATmega8 своими руками]]
    * [[https://esphome.io/components/sensor/ina226.html|INA226 DC current and power sensor]]


====== Multimeter ======

  * [[youtube>xdGQEVdxmQQ|$25 ANENG AN8008 Multimeter]] -- 1.7mA battery consumption, [[youtube>TP4kzXdJIF4|Aneng AN8009 vs AN8008]] -- AN8008 has signal generator, AN8009 has non-contact voltage detector (NCV).
  * [[youtube>n1fGDElbfGk|Высокоточный мультиметр ANENG AN870]] -- потребляет 1.7mA и True RMS работает до 1кГц (на этой частоте занижает на 0.7В)


====== Universal tester ======

[[aliexpress>4001331330448|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/H909451582b704af3a6038eaabaafacfcH/GM328-GM328B-PWM-Transistor-Tester-LCR-Diode-Capacitance-ESR-Meter-Voltage-Frequency-Meter-with-Case.jpg_Q90.jpg?300|AVR multitester – $13.86 (€12.00)}}]]

<folded|Specifications>
  * Display: 160x128 color LCD 
  * Power supply: DC 6.8-12V 
  * Current: ~ 30 mA 
  * Resistance measurement: Max. 50MΩ 
  * Resistance resolution: 0.01Ω 
  * Capacitance measurement: 25pF -- 100mF 
  * Capacitance resolution: 1pF
  * Frequency measurement: 1Hz-2MHz
  * [[wp>Pulse-width modulation|PWM]] generator: 1%-99% PWM
  * DC voltage measurement: max 50V 
  * Screen size: 3.7x3 cm
  * PCB size: 7.8x6.2 cm
  * [[https://www.mikrocontroller.net/articles/AVR_Transistortester|Website]], [[https://www.mikrocontroller.net/attachment/143813/TTester_096k.pdf|original documentation (2012)]], [[github>madires/Transistortester-Warehouse/blob/master/Documentation/English/ttester-1.13k.pdf|updated documentation (2018)]]
  * [[github>madires/Transistortester-Warehouse/blob/master/Documentation/English/Clone-Comparison-Chart.pdf|List of all clones]]
  * [[https://www.eevblog.com/forum/testgear/$20-lcr-esr-transistor-checker-project/|Main discussion forum]], [[https://www.eevblog.com/forum/testgear/show-us-your-$20-transistor-tester-enclosures-and-mods/|cases and mods]]
  * [[github>blurpy/transistor-tester|Alternative project]]
  * Comparison of similar devices: [[youtube>C38eSPOF1o0|Transistor Tester M8 version M12864 comparison]], [[youtube>ICicfogJXps|The evolution of the electronic component tester]], [[youtube>7Br3L1B80ow|Is A $7 LCR / Component Tester Any Good?]]
</folded>

^ Name				^ Power supply		^ Consumption (max/avg)	^
| CrossOver monitor		| 24V, 5A		| 79W / 77W				|
| Belkin router			| 12V, 1A		| 3.7W					|
| Zyxel router			| 12V, 2A		| 7.5W					|
| Netgear router		| 12V, 2.5A		| :HELP:				|
| Western Digital HDD		| 12V, 3A		| 22W / 14W				|
| AOpen miniPC			| 19V, 3.42A		| 33W / 25W				|
| Shuttle miniPC		| 19V, 4.75A		| :HELP:				|
| Fantec HDD bay		| 12V, 5A		| :HELP:				|
| Table lamp in office		| ?V, ?A		| 4.6W					|
| Foscam IP camera		| 5V, 2A		| 3.8W					|
| Dune HD			| ?V, ?A		| IPTV: 9.2W / 6.1W, MPEG4: 8.5W	|


====== Wires and connectors ======

{{http://i.ebayimg.com/t/800-Wire-Copper-Crimp-Connector-Insulated-Cord-Pin-End-Terminal-AWG-22-to-10-Kit-/00/s/NDM3WDc5Mw==/z/DmAAAOxypNtSoAhz/$_3.JPG?500}}
{{wire_spec.jpg?500}}

[[https://www.endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=98849#p1447486|{{https://www.endless-sphere.com/forums/download/file.php?id=248217&.jpg?1152|Matador's conductor strips ampacity chart}}]]
{{https://esk8-news-objects.s3.dualstack.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/uploads/original/3X/8/4/84404cb94ba46e17992f9413670bf07537668f09.png|Nikel/steel/copper max current table}}

{{wire_sizes.jpg?300}}
{{http://www.king-cart.com/store/phoenixent/tlcrmp-15874b.jpg?500}}

{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1lawUN3TqK1RjSZPhq6xfOFXam/19-in-1-multifunctionele-Power-Opladen-Lader-Adapter-met-Multi-Connectoren-Lead-Cable-RC-Quadcopter-Auto.jpg?500|Connectors}}
{{https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/hlylph44xcmi3kz/power%20plugs%201.jpg|Plugs}}

[[https://mynobook.blogspot.com/2016/10/pc-sockets.html|{{https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZymgErccdJ4/V_N_eWvo6PI/AAAAAAAADi0/2QywhBM9ZCoQ_1ZLqC8zIMTvb8z1EVnaACLcB/s1600/computer_hardware_poster_1_7_by_sonic840.png?700|Разъёмы компьютера}}]]

^ [[wp>American wire gauge|A.W.G.]]	^  mm²	^  ⌀	^  Model	^
| 22					| 0.5	| 1.0	| E0506		|
| 22					| 0.5 	| 1.0	| E0508		|
| 20					| 0.75	| 1.2	| E7508		|
| 18					| 1.0	| 1.4	| E1008		|
| 16					| 1.5	| 1.7	| E1510		|
| 14					| 2.5	| 2.3	| E2512		|
| 12					| 5.0	| 2.8	| E4012		|
| 10					| 6.0	| 3.5	| E6012		|

  * [[https://www.calculator.net/voltage-drop-calculator.html|Voltage Drop Calculator]]
  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_wire_gauge#Tables_of_AWG_wire_sizes|AWG wire sizes and the maximum current in ampere]]

  * [[http://www.ebay.com/sch/Connectors-Terminals-/50549/i.html|Car Audio & Video Installation → Connectors & Terminals]]
  * [[http://www.ebay.com/sch/Connectors-/109438/i.html|Connectors Plugs & Sockets → Connectors]]
  * [[youtube>m4B8XH5_RsQ|Универсальный кримпер CT-1108]]

  * [[youtube>tdX_zuHcK40|Стоит ли покупать детекторы скрытой проводки?]] ([[youtube>u4fRiCJaKl0|часть 2]])
  * [[youtube>MuqIWO2GFqI|Высокочувствительный детектор скрытой проводки на одном транзисторе]]
  * [[youtube>vJ_pDenb3a0&t=240|Что может индикаторная отвёртка с прозвонкой]]


====== [[wp>DIY]] ======

Tools and accessories:

  * [[https://alexgyver.ru/all-for-soldering/|Всё для пайки с AliExpress]] -- электрические паяльники, полезные приспособления, текстолит, провода, коннекторы, штекеры, термоусадка
    * [[youtube>a-gjT8B95VI|40 моих инструментов с AliExpress]]
  * [[http://www.minidso.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=868&extra=page%3D1|TS100 soldering iron]] (12-24V, 65W)
    * [[github>Ralim/ts100|Custom TS100/TS80 firmware]], [[youtube>WlnpboYfxNk|TS100 Firmware how-to]]
  * [[https://www.kirich.blog/|Блог об электронике и технике от kirich]]
    * [[https://www.kirich.blog/magaziny/aliexpress/interesnye-tovary-na-aliexpress/717-ssylki-na-raznye-tovary-kotorye-ya-chasto-pokupal-pokupayu-chast-2.html|Ссылки на разные товары, которые я часто покупал/покупаю часть 2]]
    * [[https://www.kirich.blog/magaziny/aliexpress/interesnye-tovary-na-aliexpress/651-populyarnye-i-poleznye-tovary-dlya-radiolyubiteley-i-ne-tolko.html|Популярные и полезные товары для радиолюбителей и не только]]
  * [[youtube>pPXddIR_QbM|Полезные советы. Лучшее за 2 года.]]

Removing components:

  * [[youtube>eiQ_UpfDrAs|Как выпаять конденсаторы с материнской платы одним паяльником, легко и без фена]]
  * [[youtube>ij-4G9nZA2c|Как выпаять транзистор, ключ, силовую микросхему в корпусе SOT и TO263 одним паяльником без фена]]
  * [[youtube>DHUXPJoffyc|Как выпаивать, если не выпаивается радиодеталь из платы!]]

Cashback:

  * [[https://habr.com/ru/company/dronk/blog/392267/|Кэшбэк Алиэкспресс — Выбираем кэшбэк-сервис для Aliexpress]]
  * [[youtube>HXuU_80NJ74|Обзор ТОП-6 лучших кэшбэк-сервисов (EPN, LetyShops, Megabonus и др.)]]

Drill:

  * [[youtube>ee2jYR9HZgk|Awesome homemade drill guide]]
  * [[youtube>u5wFvzETV9M|How to Make a Automatic Drill Press Machine at Home]]
  * [[youtube>j1s6M-1svP8|Homemade Rotary Tool Plunge Base]]
  * [[youtube>oY18Vr77qwI|How to make a plunge router using door aldrop]]
  * [[https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:161190|Drill press for a Dremel]]
  * [[https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:754248|Dremel Drill Press (Remix)]]
  * [[youtube>5-jC5mdcLUs|5 способов запустить моторчик от жёсткого диска]]

High current batteries: 

  * [[https://alexgyver.ru/18650/#18650_hc|Высокотоковые аккумуляторы 18650]]
  * [[https://mysku.ru/blog/europe-stores/35648.html|Битва тяжеловесов или выбираем высокотоковые литиевые аккумуляторы]]

30A batteries (:WARN: [[http://budgetlightforum.com/comment/1425263#comment-1425263|Murata/Sony are expensive and overrated]]):

  * [[https://eu.nkon.nl/sony-us18650-vtc6.html|Sony / Murata US18650VTC6 3000mAh 30A]] -- ×2 = €7.90 + €2.95
  * [[https://www.gearbest.com/batteries/pp_571929.html|Sony US18650VTC6 3000mAh 30A]] -- ×2 $11.98 (€10.82)
  * [[aliexpress>32742999085|Original US18650 VTC6 3000mAh Continuous 30A]] -- ×2 €11.52 + €2.63 (€10.48 + €2.40)

Welder:

[[aliexpress>1005003025859706|{{ https://ae04.alicdn.com/kf/Hd05c9398b30e4144913e0054df198c403/Welderkit-DH20-Pro-DH30-Mini-Spot-Welding-Machine-With-Quick-Release-Pen-Nickel-Plate-For-18650.jpg?300|DH20 Pro/DH30 mini spot welding machine – €55.08 ($60.82)}}]]

[[aliexpress>1005006148112003|{{ https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S248261d8ce4149f09aba01b26a2af97dj.jpg?300|7-16V Lithium Battery Welding Board – €15.21 ($15.77)}}]]

  * According to different configurations, the welding thickness can be about 0.1mm-0.15mm. By replacing the thicker wire (10 mm²), it can barely weld 0.2mm thick plate.
  * Sort press the key to switch modes, each mode corresponds to 7 different welding times, indicated by LED: red (shortest welding time) / green / blue / white / yellow / pink / purple (longest welding time)
  * Long press sets the waiting time. The default is 3 seconds and the maximum is 10 seconds.
  * Power supply voltage: 12V-16.8V
  * Current requirements: 150A or more instantaneous output (for example car startup power, 3S aeromodel high rate battery pack, 20A or higher and 12V lead-acid battery with good performance)

  * [[youtube>yyJZFzLnSGE&t=218s|Why capacitor is necessary?]] It is necessary to power the MOSFET gates for a short period of time, otherwise if voltage drops under a critical level, MOSFET resistance grows, and they get hot and burn out.
  * [[youtube>QDahfgPRqDc&t=382|Alternative way to connect a capacitor]] is to weld it to +5V output of the voltage regulator.
  * [[youtube>Zk_ir69kB5Q&t=529|Spot welder repair]]
  * [[youtube>0-OmBPwmKk4|BIFRC 1.2 richtig benutzen]]
  * [[youtube>ILjuSAJQaq8|BIFRC 1.2 Heißluftlöten Heißluftpistole]]
  * [[youtube>iuXaeCmEXaY|Точечная сварка под микроскопом]]

Saw:

  * [[youtube>6kfcTQsJ3hc|Circular saw]]

Glue:

  * [[youtube>s-wkBT1zuu0|B7000 T7000 T8000 E8000 smartphone glues review]]
  * [[youtube>l4AJqfOM-dc|TP-1000N, TP-2500, TP-2500F and Kafuter K-3022 glues video review]]
  * TP-2500 UV glue: \\
    :INFO: This glue needs to be cured with the ultraviolet light or UV lamp of the 365NM above 12W. 

Microscope:

  * [[https://diylazy.wordpress.com/2018/11/28/microscope/|Делаем USB микроскоп для пайки]]


==== Oscilloscopes ====

  * [[youtube>d-dJitaNv4U|HS402 Android STM32 USB DIY Oscilloscope]] -- create 1 MHz, 1.6 MSamples/s oscilloscope based on Arduino STM32F411 ([[https://refcircuit.com/articles/15-hs402-3-0-android-stm32-oscilloscope-pcb-and-assembling.html|article]]).
  * [[youtube>8ts5J09Y7Gc|Hantek 6022BE oscilloscope for $60]] -- 20 MHz, 48 MB/s sampling oscilloscope.
  * [[youtube>lxxS6rvrk3o|DS212: Open source 2-ch oscilloscope and signal generator for $170]] -- 150 MHz, 100 MSamples/s oscilloscope ([[https://www.banggood.com/MINI-DS213-Digital-Storage-Oscilloscope-Portable-15MHz-Bandwidth-100MSa-or-s-Sampling-Rate-2-Analog-Channels+2-Digital-Channels-3-Inch-Screen-p-1412378.html|$151]]).


==== Logic analysers ====

[[aliexpress>32613420798|{{https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1QLkvLFXXXXaWXFXXq6xXFXXXj/221325424/HTB1QLkvLFXXXXaWXFXXq6xXFXXXj.jpg?300|Saleae Logic 16 clone – $34.32 (€31.12)}}]]

  * [[https://sigrok.org/wiki/|Sigrok]] -- signal analysis software suite
    * [[youtube>dobU-b0_L1I|Sigrok and Logic Analyzers]]
  * [[https://sourceforge.net/p/sigrok/mailman/sigrok-devel/thread/9a863df4-fdb9-46df-5015-4f67be396459%40mail.ru/|Problem using Saleae Logic 16 clone with PulseView]]


==== PCB ====

[[https://industrial.panasonic.com/ww/ss/technical/r1|{{https://a.d-cd.net/35a174ds-960.jpg?500|Size name and dimensions of SMD components}}]]
[[https://electrotoki.ru/osnov-lektroniki-rubrika/lektronne-detali-i-komponent/kondensator/|{{https://electrotoki.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CONDENSATOR-1024x547.png?700|Maximum ESR values}}]]

{{ https://lampagid.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/image026-7.jpg|Capacitor marking}}
{{ diode_marking.jpg?100|Diode marking}} <!-- {{https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQZ-NCi683NTsFvihrwVWemJEITqCbweTyve1762qOY0w&usqp=CAU&ec=45695923&.jpg|Diode markings}} -->

  * [[http://www.s-manuals.com/ru/smd|Коллекция руководств по SMD компонентам]]

  * [[https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/1024/good-tools-for-drawing-schematics/|Good tools for drawing schematics / electrical circuits]]
  * [[https://www.4pcb.com/trace-width-calculator.html|PCB Trace Width Calculator]]
  * [[youtube>14_jh3nLSsU|KiCad STM32 + RF + USB Hardware Design]] -- taking into account impedance for high-speed traces like RF or USB (so calculate correct width for given gap, avoid ground traces but put a solid / uninterrupted ground layer underneath)
  * [[youtube>t5phi3nT8OU|KiCad STM32 Hardware Design and JLCPCB Assembly]]

Order:

  * [[https://www.pcbway.com/|PCBWay]]
  * [[https://jlcpcb.com/|JLCPCB]]

Production:

[[http://www.bravikov.ru/bet300/|{{ https://bravikov-ru.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public_thumbnails/filer_public/bb/9f/bb9f4cd2-2de0-4b4f-bbca-93e91f726bdc/bet300a_cover_bubble.jpg__3186x2649_q85_subject_location-1593%2C1328_subsampling-2.jpg?300|Вертикальная ёмкость (ванна, аквариум) для травления печатных плат – 160×108×78 мм (внутри 150×100×20 мм)}}]]

  * [[youtube>HiEnmS6fb1g|Ёмкость для травления печатных плат]]
  * [[youtube>wX2O-8XWl6Y|Изготовление печатной платы с помощью плёночного фоторезиста]]
  * [[youtube>V_FkKgp31zQ|Плёночный фоторезист. Изготовление печатных плат в домашних условиях]], [[youtube>IfhOYhjXLDg|High quality DIY PCB boards at home]]
  * [[youtube>WF-NUliK4zM|Изготовление печатных плат. Новый метод ЛУТ 2.0]]
  * [[youtube>k9Zf0L1PH4Y|Печатная плата с паяльной маской и шелкографией, от А до Я в домашних условиях]]


==== From NiMH to LiIon ====

  * [[https://mysku.ru/blog/china-stores/40848.html|3S-4S платы BMS или один из вариантов переделки шуруповерта под литий]]

  * [[youtube>uCL2wbVWcSc|Bms-3s и 4s при резком старте шуруповёрта срабатывает защита: устраняем проблему]]
  * [[youtube>1a2GP7dsQZk&t=755|Всё, что нужно знать для самостоятельной Переделки шуруповёрта Bosch-14.4v на Li-ion 18650]] -- расположение банок в корпусе
  * [[youtube>EUgzVP58ldg|Как правильно перейти на Li-Ion? Доработка АКБ и з/у электроотвёртки и шуруповертов Practyl и ЭНКОР.]]

Использует штатную зарядку NiCd зарядку:

  * [[youtube>jZ0Nt4XJywM&t=84|Быстрая, простая и недорогая переделка шуруповерта Bosch 14.4В на li-ion]]
  * [[youtube>ukKuCGG38n8&t=1005|Lithium Battery + BMS + Nicd/Nimh Charger, Is it possible? Bosch cordless drill 14.4V PSR 1440]] -- демонстрирует, что аккумуляторы недозаряжены

Переделка блока питания / зарядки за базе [[aliexpress>32957569900|готовой зарядки для LiIon]]:

  * [[youtube>736VUaUHPX0&t=245|Перевести шуруповерт на литий 14.4 - 16.8]]
  * [[youtube>GIXKdcaruFk&t=721|Как перевести шуруповёрт на литиевые аккумуляторы, подробный гайд]] -- предлагает использовать блок питания от ноутбука
  * [[youtube>Mlas6T-8E18&t=1710|Шуруповёрт с аккумулятором на 5 Ампер-Часа переделка НА Li-ion своими руками]]

Переделка блока питания / зарядки на [[aliexpress>32580214850|базе DC-DC преобразователя с подстройкой]]:

  * [[youtube>p6LfPM-xMPA&t=775|Шуруповёрт на литий – а оно Вам надо?]]
  * [[youtube>uRdKlI9TldQ&t=408|Переделка шуруповерта 14V на литий (Li-ion) с переделкой зарядного устройства]]

BMS:

{{https://www.mikrocontroller.net/attachment/379678/610606910_1_1000x700_kontroler-bms-3s-4s-25-30a-zaryada-razryada-zaschity-balansir-dlya-li-ion-vinnitsa_rev003.jpg?400}}
{{bms_hw-293_4s-40a_rev.2.3_scheme.png?600}}
{{bms_hw-293_4s-40a_rev.2.3_scheme_top.png?300}}
{{bms_hw-293_4s-40a_rev.2.3_top.png?300}}

  * [[youtube>8BTY28tznU&t=1670s|Обзор]]
  * [[https://robojax.com/learn/arduino/?vid=robojax_BMS_3S_40A_charger|The complete Guide to using 3S 40A Lithium BMS Battery Charger]]
  * [[https://forum.cxem.net/index.php?/topic/205088-bms-3s-40a-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-6-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82/|BMS 3S 40A, на выходе около 6 вольт]]
  * Datasheets: [[https://datasheet.lcsc.com/szlcsc/HYCON-Tech-HY2213-BB3A_C113632.pdf|HY2213 BB3A]], [[https://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/1143739/FUMAN/DW01FA/533/3/DW01FA.html|DW01FA]]


==== Solar panels ====

{{ lifepo4-cycles.png|Dependence of battery lifetime from Depth of Discharge (DoD) and charge rate}}

  * [[youtube>HdREFfZWgAU|Home solar power station with WINTER/SUMMER mode]]
  * [[youtube>JxdNwpPojVs|Солнечные панели: увеличение КПД в 4 раза за счёт поворотных механизмов!]]
  * [[youtube>0EpZSmbVYvc|Солнечные панели, простое поворотное устройство!]]
    * [[youtube>Nv4gXuJuP0s|Солнечная Электростанция, просто на пальцах, или шаг к независимости от ЖКХ!]] -- рассказывает о типах контроллеров (MPPT, PWM), типах солнечных батарей (монокристаллические, поликристаллические), типы аккумуляторов
  * [[youtube>6QIutZfsFs|DIY Solar Tracker: How much solar energy can it save?]]
  * [[youtube>plxLlm0jfiM|Солнечный трекер. Слежение за Солнцем без фотодатчиков]]
  * [[youtube>T1L_EjuFav4|How Solar Trackers Work]]
  * [[youtube>8V8zteJGilo|Solar Tracker VS Fixed panel. Comparison of energy efficiency]]
  * [[youtube>OaclDXTWsYg|Tutorial 02 Solar Tracker: The Linear Actuator]]
  * [[http://mexatrondiy.ru/solartracker/|Народный трекер для солнечных панелей]]
  * [[youtube>9FQfxt2zDfI|Контроллер для солнечного трекера]]
  * [[youtube>aQQE8V9NBXw|5 Year Solar Power Results - Payback?]]
  * [[youtube>4BjifKqsq6Q|Солнечная электростанция 9600w чуть подробнее]]
  * [[youtube>kLf8nD8KCII|LiFePo Хранилище для Солнечной электростанции на 8 кВатт*час своими руками]]
  * [[youtube>JvjvSMpjI6o|My 7kw Off Grid Solar, 37kwh Lithium Ion Battery Bank Cost vs Saving over 2 years?]]
  * [[youtube>rebIb5qd0Ow|How To Install Solar Panels Yourself For $4K - DIY 7KW - South Jordan, Utah - Cheap]]
  * [[youtube>w4qcoEXYqK0|The Ultimate Guide To DIY Off Grid Solar Power]]
  * [[youtube>b7hu1kmxFIo|Как выбрать солнечные батареи. Как сделать солнечную электростанцию своими руками]]
    * [[http://super-alternatiwa.narod.ru/solarhouse.htm|Ряд статей по альтернативной энергетике]]
  * [[youtube>m5wv4HcRNKw|The ugly truth behind grid-tie solar systems]]
  * [[youtube>PB6zojol9o0|MPPT vs PWM: Fast comparison for off-grid solar]]
  * [[youtube>_PgthByAYz4|Complete LiFePO4 solar battery system design]]
  * [[https://www.mobile-solarpower.com/|Learn how to build an off-grid solar power system]]
  * [[youtube>YFKu_emNzpk|Is Home Battery Storage Financially Viable?]]

BMS:

  * [[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHp1n3H8zHKqUau_1YmzRnA/videos|Цикл видео по солнечным станциям (BMS, LiFePo4 сборки)]]
  * [[http://electrodacus.com/|SBMS (Solar Battery Management System)]]: SBMS0 (€128 / CA$189) + WiFi/USB for SBMS0 (€25.70 / CA$38) + DSSR20 (€33.20 / CA$49) = €186.9
    * [[youtube>PldmjOPjGGY|Solar Battery Management System SBMS100]]
    * [[youtube>TrTu9uehOFg|LiFePo4 Electrodacus SBMS0 Installation]], [[youtube>RGtIEjl-x3Y|LiFePo4 Solar Charging Test]]
    * [[youtube>bg1x6X8tZok|SBMS 100 by ElectroDacus - Solar Battery Management System]]
    * [[youtube>9eufpXSpQT4|MPPT vs DSSR20]]
    * [[https://01319721522019860390.googlegroups.com/attach/67ff6b4a2d4cd/Beginner's%20Guide%20to%20ElectroDacus%20v0.6.pdf?part=0.1&view=1&vt=ANaJVrGETEzU9g4tulAdtg9V2wQMFiZBiPqTvOGNFIGZb9gcZAnuExn2KvlJawhXxxJqb1NloqxujXKOryTwqzZFQP0UUxGeN_Hlws0IlE_BGrmtMsb3lC4|ElectroDacus Beginner's Guide V0.6]]
    * [[https://diysolarforum.com/threads/the-electrodacus-sbms-thread-sbms0-dssr50-etc.4194/post-41782|MPTT/PWM is not needed for LiFePO4 charging]] ([[https://diysolarforum.com/threads/the-electrodacus-sbms-thread-sbms0-dssr50-etc.4194/post-65168|similar explanation]])
    * [[https://familyburton.com/solar-battery-testing-with-electrodacus-part-1/|Solar battery testing with Electrodacus]] with Grafana/InfluxDB setup
  * [[github>stuartpittaway/diyBMSv4|diyBMS v4]] -- do it yourself battery management system for Lithium ion battery packs/cells
    * [[youtube>bFUMxgrz-yo|diyBMS v4 Central Controller Build]]
    * [[youtube>rT-1gvkFj60|BMS (Battery Management System): DIY or Buy]]

MPTT:

  * [[https://www.instructables.com/DIY-1kW-MPPT-Solar-Charge-Controller/|1kW ESP32 MPPT Solar Charge Controller]]

Controllers:

  * [[youtube>3suqsclnWiI|Контроллер умной теплицы своими руками]] --  универсальный контроллер для полива, освещения, проветривания (линейным или шаговым двигателем), обогрева, охлаждения, увлажнения
  * [[youtube>FuieIazVHYg&t=364|Изменение напряжения шунтом + INA226 + ESP32]]

Batteries:

[[https://www.sokbattery.com/blog/post/How-to-Connect-the-LiFePO4-Lithium-Iron-Phosphate-Battery-in-Parallel|{{ https://www.sokbattery.com/media/wysiwyg/0012.png|How to Connect the LiFePO4 battery in parallel?}}]]

  * [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000316031708.html|LiFePO4 3.2V 150Ah (4pcs) – €448.20]]
  * [[https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000982585061.html|LiFePO4 3.2V 120Ah (4pcs) – €294.23]]

Panels:

  * [[https://www.zonnepanelen-info.nl/lg-zonnepanelen-kosten/|LG zonnepanelen + kosten]]
  * [[https://www.zonnepanelen.net/nl/zonnepanelen-vergelijken?capacity=10&size=0&sort=title|Zonnepanelen vergelijken]]

Calculators:

  * [[http://www.solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-irradiance.html|Solar irradiance]] is a measure of how much solar power you are getting at your location
  * [[https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/|NREL's PVWatts Calculator]] -- estimates the energy production and cost of energy of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) energy systems throughout the world.

Theory:

{{https://www.pveducation.org/sites/default/files/PVCDROM/Modules/Animations/bypass_diode_current_flow.gif|How bypass diode in solar panel works}}

  * [[youtube>AbxHoQF4ADk&t=642|Little shadow from antenna pole drops Solar Output by 20%!]] Also explains the function of bypass diodes.
  * [[https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-voltage-source-and-a-current-source-Practical-examples-of-a-voltage-source-and-a-current-source|What is the difference between a voltage source and a current source?]]


==== LEGO ====

  * [[lifehackeru>2015/01/16/novaya-zhizn-privychnyh-veshhej-lego|Новая жизнь привычных вещей: конструктор Lego]]

[[https://www.groupon.nl/deals/legocompatibletape-5|{{https://img.grouponcdn.com/deal/36Fvt5z746EfbQ6MdC8fra5uRdUz/36-2048x1229/v1/c700x420.jpg?300|Block tapes for LEGO – €5.99 (+ €2.99)}}]]


==== Детские конструкторы для взрослых ====

  * [[habrahabr>243929|FISCHERTECHNIK: хемотроника, ионисторы, электрохимические суперконденсаторы внутри детского конструктора для программистов]]
  * [[http://geektimes.ru/post/250112/|Codie — робот, который учит программировать]]
  * [[habrahabr>261299|Программируем MindCub3r – робота-сборщика кубика Рубика]]
  * [[habrahabr>250989|Приём радиофаксов и прочих цифровых передач с помощью обычного приёмника и компьютера]]
  * [[https://blogs.fsfe.org/the_unconventional/2015/08/31/sdr-on-linux/|Software-defined radio on GNU/Linux]]
  * [[habrahabr>275953|Опыт домашнего марсоходостроения]]


==== Hardware problems ====

  * [[livejournal>ammo1/568950|Что делать, если компьютер не включается]]
  * [[http://forum.ru-board.com/topic.cgi?forum=27&topic=4438&start=1960|Компьютер не стартует, не запускается -- проверить по пунктам]]
  * [[habrahabr>258077|Про блоки питания NONAME, или краткий экскурс в устройство служебной информации дисков Western Digital]] -- в момент очередного обновления какого-то из этих модулей, произошёл выброс по питанию, обусловленный низким качеством БП, и запись произошла не в искомый модуль, а в DIR


{{tag>USB HDD SSD barcode}}